The Education Sector of Tanzania Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10250 words

The Education Sector of Tanzania - Dissertation Example The creation of the MIS model will serve the purposes of empowering decision makers and the creation of capacity to deliver better education services across the sector. In the area of requirements analysis, the creation of the specification for the MIS model was executed through the incorporation of national and international standards of education, regarding the needs of the users of the Tanzanian education sector. Communication with the users was executed through interviews, as this model offered unbiased information on the viewpoints of the user population. Feedback surveys were also helpful towards reaching the desired information base, as collected from social networking and other ICT-related data sites. Areas of constraints included the vague knowledge of the specifications desired by the user population, the unreasonable timelines of the end-users, and the communication gap between implementation teams and the end-user population. The rationales for the choices made were based on rationale capture and rationale representation, which were verified using argument-based choices. The software requirements specification was designed to emphasize on and foster the usage of management information systems throughout the creation, processing, and consumption of information. Performance indicators revolved around the service delivery of service personnel to the documentation of students and offering a complete picture of the educations sector. The features of the model under implementation include capturing baseline statistics like the demography of users to school performance capacities. Data flow across the sector was created to improve the practice and quality of management across the different user groups. INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MIS MODEL UNDER CREATION The education sector at Tanzania has historically faced numerous challenges, including the lack of basic infrastructure like electricity at local schools, and the in-availabili ty of national funding to foster the educational management standards of these schools. One area that has been redundant in the Tanzanian education sector is the level of access to data and the infrastructure required to manage these databases. Following these areas of deficiency, the Tanzanian sector, just like the case of other Eastern Africa countries, the respective education sectors have not been run and managed in a proper manner. The case is worse among the publicly funded schools, which fully depend on the input of the government – this happens in the area of implementations of technological infrastructure, steered towards educational improvement.

Natural Resources And The Politics Of Middle East Essay Example for Free

Natural Resources And The Politics Of Middle East Essay Oil production in the Middle East has not only been a subject of geology or exploiting the lowest-cost field. Where exploration is performed and what fields are developed has been influenced as much by political as by economic factors. Until the late 1960s oil production and exports from the region significantly reflected the major western oil companies’ need to cope with the demands of the different governments in the Middle East, all of whom wanted to see more oil produced in their territories in order that they could get more revenue. The oil companies were as well concerned with the political stability of the regimes in the oil-exporting countries, the dependability of supply, the likelihood of the nationalisation of oil company facilities, demands over royalty levels and pressures to make use of and train local nationals. In view of the fact that then, what gets produced where and exported has depended on political and economic muscle within OPEC which efficiently determines country quotas. Iran was the first country in the Middle East in which oil was exploited with test production starting in 1903 and a key discovery in 1908. Under Reza Shah the country was politically stable, and the oil concession agreement which was signed with D’Arcy in 1901 on very positive terms was to run until 1994. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which afterwards turns into British Petroleum, was founded in 1909. Oil was not discovered in Iraq until 1927, however by that time Persian production was well established, plus a slow growth of demand, reflecting the fragile state of the international economy at the time, intended Iraqi oil exploitation was restricted in these early years. (Mohamed Rabie, 1992). Which oil fields were developed as well reflected rivalries in Middle Eastern interests between the major western powers. Britain, through the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, had a virtual monopoly of exploration in Iran, consequently the United States had little choice however to look to Saudi Arabia on the other side of the Gulf, the one area that had not come under European imperial influences. In the 1930s the oil fields of the eastern province were opened up, plus the Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO) was formed by a consortium of leading United States oil companies. It was ARAMCO that developed the Ghawar and Safaniya fields in the Dhahran area which were to prove to be the largest and most dynamic in the entire world. ARAMCO carries on to account for most Saudi Arabian oil production and exports, although it was nationalised in the 1970s and the role of the American associate companies is now restricted to specialist support and marketing. There was huge resistance to attempts to take over the oil concessions awarded to western multinational oil companies. Conflicts between the oil companies and host-country governments over revenues date back to the 1920s and 1930s when oil started to be exploited in noteworthy quantities, however it was the Iranian government which was the first to demand control of production. After Dr Musaddiq consolidated his power as prime minister in 1952 he set up the National Iran Oil Company, a state-owned entity, to take over Iran’s oil from the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. This aggravated a two-year boycott of purchases of Iranian oil by the major western oil companies. Purchases were merely started again when Musaddiq was overthrown and terms were agreed which were satisfactory from the viewpoint of the oil companies. (John Page, 1999). In the meantime the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company had changed its name to British Petroleum. It was to focus on developing the oil fields of the Emirates on the Arab side of the Gulf, where the rulers were much more co-operative. It was this new orientation and the co-operation with Shell, the Anglo-Dutch company, which were to consequence in the major developments in Kuwait, Qatar and Abu Dhabi, and ultimately Oman. The increasing importance of the Arab Emirates as oil suppliers was not so much a reflection of the quality of their oil or relative cost factors, to a certain extent what mattered was the political environment and the security of oil supplies. Iran, and subsequently Iraq, had their exploration and production curtailed on account of their political intransigence. The beneficiaries were the Arabian Peninsula states that had their oil fields developed and exploited to a greater extent than might otherwise have been the case on the basis of geological decisions alone. (Nora Bensahel, Daniel L. Byman, 2003).

Reader Response of Nam’s At the Door :: Wong Phui Nam

Wong Phui Nam’s â€Å"At the Door† is mainly giving a voice to the unwanted unborn who struggles with death in the early stage of its life. The persona begins by questioning its mother on why did she poisons it. From line â€Å"the poisons seep down, blacken leaf and stem† giving readers the images of death as the poison oozes slowly in painful and destroying manner. The news of pregnancy and birth are in general received as something blissful and joyful, however it is obviously not the case for this pregnancy. This poem illustrates sadness and grief of the discarded foetus, giving it a melancholy tone. The foetus is seen as a plant. The new life of the foetus as symbolises in â€Å"leaf†, â€Å"stem† and â€Å"roots† are â€Å"blacken†, â€Å"pinch† and â€Å"disarrange† and it is deformed before birth by the poison. More images of deformity can be seen in the second stanza. The persona states the â€Å"streams† and â€Å"blood† that gives the notion of new life, is contaminated and hence deformed its â€Å"hooked tail† which is supposed to develop to be its legs and the â€Å"forked ends† as its fingers. The stained and ruined blood causes by the poison has fatally lead the deformity of the foetus and disregard the existence of this new life. The persona’s unwanted existence is described more in the moment of its birth in the third stanza. The persona again questions its mother wonder if she ever pictures the condition of her child in her womb. Instead of developing into a well transformed human being, due to the seeping poison the foetus â€Å"melted back into glistening bunched gel†. This image offers readers an ugly sight of the deformed, unwanted embryo. The deformed foetus that is depicted as â€Å"glistening bunched gel, / red grapes† is â€Å"expelled† from the womb, reinforcing the idea of the unwanted existence by being violently thrown out from the womb where it is presumed to be safe and warm for the new comer. The persona continues by inquiring its mother if she finds life difficult like the way it feels and this notion is portrayed through the dictions, â€Å"harsh† and â€Å"sharp anxieties†. Persona sees itself as â€Å"delicate† â€Å"crystals† implying the notion of fragility and can easily be destroyed. Reader Response of Nam’s At the Door :: Wong Phui Nam Wong Phui Nam’s â€Å"At the Door† is mainly giving a voice to the unwanted unborn who struggles with death in the early stage of its life. The persona begins by questioning its mother on why did she poisons it. From line â€Å"the poisons seep down, blacken leaf and stem† giving readers the images of death as the poison oozes slowly in painful and destroying manner. The news of pregnancy and birth are in general received as something blissful and joyful, however it is obviously not the case for this pregnancy. This poem illustrates sadness and grief of the discarded foetus, giving it a melancholy tone. The foetus is seen as a plant. The new life of the foetus as symbolises in â€Å"leaf†, â€Å"stem† and â€Å"roots† are â€Å"blacken†, â€Å"pinch† and â€Å"disarrange† and it is deformed before birth by the poison. More images of deformity can be seen in the second stanza. The persona states the â€Å"streams† and â€Å"blood† that gives the notion of new life, is contaminated and hence deformed its â€Å"hooked tail† which is supposed to develop to be its legs and the â€Å"forked ends† as its fingers. The stained and ruined blood causes by the poison has fatally lead the deformity of the foetus and disregard the existence of this new life. The persona’s unwanted existence is described more in the moment of its birth in the third stanza. The persona again questions its mother wonder if she ever pictures the condition of her child in her womb. Instead of developing into a well transformed human being, due to the seeping poison the foetus â€Å"melted back into glistening bunched gel†. This image offers readers an ugly sight of the deformed, unwanted embryo. The deformed foetus that is depicted as â€Å"glistening bunched gel, / red grapes† is â€Å"expelled† from the womb, reinforcing the idea of the unwanted existence by being violently thrown out from the womb where it is presumed to be safe and warm for the new comer. The persona continues by inquiring its mother if she finds life difficult like the way it feels and this notion is portrayed through the dictions, â€Å"harsh† and â€Å"sharp anxieties†. Persona sees itself as â€Å"delicate† â€Å"crystals† implying the notion of fragility and can easily be destroyed.

Bottled Water vs Tap Water Essay

Water is vital to human life. Humans can live for several weeks on water alone. However, they cannot survive for more than a few days without it. In fact, a human’s body primarily consists of 55% to 78% water (Geri Walton. ) Therefore, we need water. Life cannot exist without water. While some people prefer drinking bottled water, others prefer drinking tap water. In fact, controversy has been placed on the quality and safety of drinking bottled water versus drinking tap water. The bottled water industry has increased tremendously. They offer several brands of water including: mineral water, spring water, purified water and also well water. Water also comes in many different flavors. If you wish, you may also select carbonated water. In order to label these, each brand has to meet certain qualifications. They must be collected and strictly treated. The Food Standards Agency monitors bottled water. They adhere to rigorous guidelines as to what can and cannot be put on the label. Many believe that bottled water is much healthier than tap water. It is free of bacteria. It is free from filthy chemicals. In fact, the levels of lead in bottled water are much lower than those in tap water. Bottled water is free from contamination and safer for drinking. It prevents harmful substances and organisms from entering into the body. Bottled water has to pass through a purification process. Many companies like to include the word â€Å"pure† in their advertising of campaigns and trademarks. They realize that many people find it secure in health benefits over other products. This guarantees high-quality drinking water. Bottled water provides compelling vitamins and minerals to the human body. Sufficient amounts of minerals are important for managing a healthy human system. There are numerous health benefits for drinking bottled water. In some countries, such as Europe, humans believe that bottled waters have medicinal properties. It contains zero fat, calories and sugar. According to the International Bottled Water Association, â€Å"one of the main health benefits of bottled water is that it can replace less healthy beverages, such as soda, sweet tea, hot chocolate and sugary flavored coffees. (Ipatenco, Sara) In today’s society, bottled water may be found any and everywhere, from offices to homes and restaurants across the country. It is rejuvenating, healthy and convenient to carry around. It is great for those on the go. An accessible bottle in your bag will immediately quench your thirst. Having bottled water may result in more fluid intake. Sufficient utilization of water is important for preventing dehydration and for keeping our bodies functioning properly. Although there are several benefits of drinking bottled water, more and more people are questioning if it is actually better than tap water. In fact, many believe that bottled water is not safer or purer than tap water. Many believe that tap water tastes just as good as bottled water. During a blind taste test in New York City, the greater part of the people actually preferred the taste of tap water over bottled water. Tap water is not hazardous or harmful. In fact, it is well-regulated and inspected hundreds of times per month by the Environmental Protection Agency. These agencies make certain tap water is free of harmful toxins and other bacteria. With tap water, you are more likely to know what is in it. Tap water is tested cautiously. Every year, several tests are taken to ensure that tap water is as safe as it can possibly be. With strict standards, they are tested for micro-organisms and other chemicals and metals. It is also tested for water pathogens that could possibly cause intestinal problems. Tap water is composed of fluoride and chloronation. The enamel-protecting fluoride reduces tooth decay and enhances oral health. It is a major ingredient in toothpastes, while chlorination kills bacteria. Tap water is much cheaper than bottled water. It is free! Bottled water is extremely expensive compared to tap water. Bottled water companies make â€Å"tens of billions of dollars† per year. In today’s society, people are paying so much for bottled water when they could actually get tap water practically free. In fact, â€Å"bottled water costs 500 times more than tap water† (MacKenzie, Ashley. ) By drinking tap water, you save a tremendous amount of money. Drinking tap water is better on our environment. Water bottles are thrown into landfills. It takes more than 700 years for plastic to decompose. Reducing the amount of plastic water bottles in landfills can save energy drastically. Drinking water from a glass or using a refillable steel bottle also saves resources. By drinking tap water, you save the planet. Tap water has some bacteria that are actually beneficial to your health. The human immune system automatically strengthens its defenses against any possible harmful bacteria that it is exposed to. Our immune system is familiar with small amounts of bacteria and is equipped to prevent illnesses. For a fact, our bodies need water. Humans lose water every day through breathing, perspiration, urine and bowel movements. In order for our bodies to function properly, it is essential that we replenish it with water. Basically, bottled water and tap water come from the same sources: lakes, springs and aquifers. They each have many benefits. One must decide as to which is best. What type of water will you drink: bottled water or tap water? Make the healthy choice.

Technical Project Paper: Information Systems Security

You are the Information Security Officer for a small pharmacy that has recently been opened in the local shopping mall. The daily operation of a pharmacy is a unique business that requires a combination of both physical and logical access controls to protect medication and funds maintained located on the premises and personally identifiable information and protected health information of your customers. Your supervisor has tasked you with identifying inherent risks associated with this pharmacy and establishing physical and logical access control methods that will mitigate the risks identified.Firewall (1) Windows 2008 Active Directory Domain Controllers (DC) (1) File Server (1) Desktop computers (4) Dedicated T1 Connection (1) Write a ten to fifteen (10-15) page paper in which you: Identify and analyze any potential physical vulnerabilities and threats that require consideration. Identify and analyze any potential logical vulnerabilities and threats that require consideration. Illus trate in writing the potential impact of all identified physical vulnerabilities and threats to the network and the pharmacy. Identify all potential vulnerabilities that may exist in the documented network.Illustrate in writing the potential impact of all identified logical vulnerabilities to the network and the pharmacy. For each physical vulnerability and threat identified, choose a strategy for dealing with the risk (i. e. , risk mitigation, risk assignment, risk acceptance, or risk avoidance). For each logical vulnerability and threat identified, choose a strategy for dealing with the risk (i. e. , risk mitigation, risk assignment, risk acceptance, or risk avoidance).For each physical vulnerability and threat identified, develop controls (i. e. administrative, preventative, detective, and corrective) that will be used to mitigate each risk. For each logical vulnerability and threat identified, develop controls (i. e. , administrative, preventative, detective, and corrective) tha t will be used to mitigate each risk. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Explain the concepts of information systems security as applied to an IT infrastructure. Describe how malicious attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities impact an IT infrastructure. Explain the means attackers use to compromise systems and networks, and defenses used by organizations.Explain the role of access controls in implementing a security policy. Exp lain how businesses apply cryptography in maintaining information security. Analyze the importance of network principles and architecture to security operations. Use technology and information resources to research issues in information systems security. Write clearly and concisely about network security topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric.

cellular respiration essays

cellular respiration essays Cellular respiration begins with glucose. Glucose is the primary fuel used in glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration. This molecule is found in the gel-like substance called cytoplasm that fills the cell. In glycolysis, glucose undergoes phosphorylation by ATP. The ATP is converted back to ADP. The glucose molecule is rearranged and undergoes a second phosphorylation by ATP. The second ATP is also converted back to ADP. Glucose, a six-carbon molecule, is split into 2 three-carbon molecules of PGAL. As oxidation takes place, NAD picks up a hydrogen atom from each molecule to form 2NADH. Phosphorylation takes place again. For each molecule, 2ADP combine with two phosphates to form a total of 4 ATP, and pyruvic acid molecules are formed. A net gain of 2 ATP have been formed. As the pyruvic acid molecules make their way toward the mitochondria, two more molecules of NADH are formed. A carbon atom also breaks off and combines with two oxygen atoms to produce the waste product carbon dioxide. As a result of these reactions, each pyruvic acid molecule is transformed into a two-carbon compound called an acetyl group. The two acetyl groups combine with a molecule of coenzyme A each to form two acetyl coenzyme A molecules. These molecules are processed in a complex pathway called the Krebs cycle. As the Krebs cycle progresses through both pyruvic acid molecules, six molecules of NADH, two molecules of ATP, and additional carbon dioxide are all formed. FAD picks up a hydrogen atom from each pyruvic acid molecule, and a total of 2 FAD2 are formed. NADH and FAD2 transport their hydrogen atoms and electrons to the electron transport chain. The electrons are passed down the chain of attracting molecules until they reach oxygen. Joined with hydrogen, they combine with the oxygen to form water. As the electrons flow down the electron chain, they release energy that is used to make more ATP. Eight of the ten NADH f ...

The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson Essay Example

The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson Essay Example The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson Paper The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Oakum Room is a short story by Theresa Tomlinson that portrays the harsh and degrading conditions faced by female workhouse employees in a workhouse for the disadvantaged. The writer is able to depict the cruel and disgusting manner in which the workers are treated by her use of imagery and word choice, and in this essay, I intend to discuss these techniques. Tomlinson chooses to use a first-person narrative as a way of making the story more personal, as if the protagonist, Susan, is confiding in us. The use of this personal touch helps us learn more about Susan, in the way she depicts others and the storys events. The first example of this is the onomatopoeia with which she describes Mrs Hansons shoes slap the floor. The reader immediately becomes uncomfortable with the presence of Mrs Hanson (the administrator of the workhouses harsh regime), as the connotations of the word slap suggests violence and her desire for control. The writer chooses to repeat the word to illustrate the power held over the women by their oppressor. The protagonists recognition of the quick step of Mrs Hanson suggests she has already been given a reason to fear her. When Mrs Hanson enters the oakum room, she chooses to address the workers while on the raised dais. The writer does this to imply the way Mrs Hanson feels above the workers and looks down on them, both metaphorically and (by choice) literally. This is evident when Mrs Hanson orders: Put down your work. This command clearly shows Mrs Hansons position over the workers. This short statement is quickly obeyed, even though the women were never told to stop their work: another signal of the absolute authority held by Mrs Hanson and the harsh regime the women are forced to work under. When the women receive a break to eat, they are poorly fed as their meals merely consist of potatoes and a thin liquor that they called gravy. The meal seems even poorer in quality and quantity when contrasted with the extremely heavy amounts of work the women are expected to do. When the workers are told of the reason they have been told to stop work, a murmur of suppressed excitement flew around the room. This tells the reader two things: the use of the term suppressed excitement suggests they feel the need to hide their happy emotions from Mrs Hanson; another sign of her power over them. It also shows the womens dependence on others and a sign of their desperation. They feel excited due to a farmers interest in finding a wife from the oakum room: a proposition that Mrs Hanson describes as most fortunate for the women. The womens desperation is depicted even more clearly when they argue frantically over who should use the one comb the workgroup possess. The author does well to present the women as individuals through her use of dialogue and description whereas Mrs Hanson attempts to rob them of all of their individuality and personal qualities. The gingham smock worn by all the women has been used to demoralise them and make them feel cheap and helpless. Although the women find it difficult under the brutal conditions, they are still able to form strong bonds and a sense of loyalty as a group. There is a strong sense of friendship amongst the women, proven when each worker says they hope the other gets picked. The writer creates gruesome images in the readers mind when describing the removal of sharp particles from red and raw hands. The alliteration here emphasises the extent of the womens suffering. Tomlinson describes the womens skin as: tough like the skin of a beast. This simile is used to convey the dehumanisation of the workforce, who have been forced to change over time, due to the difficult conditions faced as a worker in the oakum room. The workhouse is described as charitable on many occasions by Mrs Hanson. This seems to have been used as an ironic comment by the author who does not believe them to be charitable at all, but a hypocritical and dishonest organisation that exploits vulnerable women. The women are soon lined up like the cattle that he farms in front of their potential husband and Mrs Hanson goes through the qualities and defects of each of the women as if they are not women but dumb animals, unable to comprehend her callous remarks. This is evident when she describes a young woman by saying: She has a young child over at the infants ward. Father unknown, of course still, proof of childbearing. Her brutal and unfeeling words convey the idea that she is fully aware of the feeling that Jarrotson has lined these women up to choose one of them as he would an animal, with no regard for their feelings or emotions. Mr Jarrotson, the farm worker choosing a wife, is described by the author as an ugly and contemptible individual. The fat man of about fifty with small grey eyes openly looks in disgust at the women, choosing not to treat them as human beings, as his cheeks become flushed with enjoyment when he humiliates the workers. This vivid use of word choice clearly conveys his lecherous and disdainful attitude towards the helpless workers. This causes the women to make themselves as unappealing to Mr Jarrotson as possible, in an attempt not to be forced to live with Mr Jarrotson. This shows the reader that the women would rather be working in the treacherous and difficult oakum room together, than be left to marry the farm worker, without the support of each other. Mrs Hanson becomes furious as they continue down the line and she feels her domination and iron control of her workers slipping away. When they reach Polly in the line, it is obvious she possesses meek and humble qualities that Mr Jarrotson finds appealing: he smiles in relief then reaches out and grips her shoulder. The use of the term grip suggests that Polly feels uncomfortable with the contact made by Mr Jarrotson, she does not want to fall into his clutches, and as a result, lashes out, biting his hand. Pollys extreme behaviour here conveys the way in which the writer believes that the women have been treated as animals: they have therefore begun to act as animals. Mrs Hansons humiliation is clear to see as her face glows red with anger. Two women are called to restrain the unresisting Polly, one bearing a strait-jacket, used to symbolise the way in which the women are trapped in the oakum room with no other option in life. The workers are screamed at, and described as disgrace[s] to their charitable benefactors. Again, the writer uses this term to suggest the complete opposite: the organisation is not charitable, but harsh and degrading. The great entrance that consists of high porches and columns and ornate clocks is clearly there for show: an attempt to portray a prestigious and worthy charitable organisation, whereas the working conditions are poor; all of the available money has been spent on the picture painted for the outside world rather than the protection and safety of their workers. The story ends with the women returning slowly and quietly to the oakum room, right back where they started, to face more harsh treatment, knowing that they have made no progress in their position as workers. I believe this depressing image of their crushed defeated footsteps is described purposely to convey the womens inability to rebel due to their lack of options in life. The women are clearly in a desperate situation already, and this is the reason they choose to remain in these unrelenting and depressing conditions. In this short story, Theresa Tomlinson uses vivid and memorable language to depict a situation in which terrible and inhumane conditions have brought out the best in a group of people. The unity and loyalty the women show towards each other, is something we think of as admirable, and her story emphasises the idea that it seems ironic that this type of relationship was caused by such poor and vicious treatment. There are points throughout the story where the women admit that they wouldnt have managed if [they] hadnt had each other. This shows a feeling of their strong bond which persists despite Mrs Hansons efforts to crush their human spirit. In this short story, Theresa Tomlinson creates a stark contrast between the way in which the poor were treated in Victorian times and the way the poor are treated today. The themes in this short story of courage and dignity in the face of brutality clearly emphasise that people nowadays seem to be developing more respect towards each other as individuals; people nowadays are, thankfully, much more conscious of the way their actions affect others.